Who Is Israel?

In this study, we consider a vital question: Who is Israel in the Bible? Beginning with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (who was named Israel), we trace the development of Israel as a nation — from the twelve tribes, through their time in Egypt, their deliverance under Moses, and their possession of the promised land under Joshua. But Scripture takes us further. We then examine how the Old Testament itself points beyond the nation to a greater fulfilment in the Lord Jesus Christ. Looking at passages such as Hosea 11:1 and Matthew 2:15, we see that Christ is the true Son — the One in whom Israel’s identity finds its fulfilment. From there, we consider Isaiah 49, where the Servant is both called Israel and sent to restore Israel, showing that more than one sense of “Israel” is in view. This leads us to the New Testament understanding of the remnant according to grace, and the extension of salvation to the Gentiles. Finally, we see how all who are united to Christ by faith — both Jews and Gentiles — are described as the “Israel of God” (Galatians 6:15–16), heirs of the promises made to Abraham. This study seeks to show that God has one redemptive plan, fulfilled in Christ, and extended to all nations through Him. Key passages: Genesis 32:28 Joshua 21:43 1 Kings 9:6–7 Hosea 11:1 Matthew 2:15 Isaiah 49:6 Luke 2:29–32 Romans 11:5 Galatians 6:15–16